Restrictive agreements
The prior authorization and eligibility rules of a sports association have the object of restricting competition when they give the entity which has adopted them and which is empowered to confer on them the power to authorize, control or set the conditions of access to the market of any potentially competing undertaking, and to determine both the degree of competition that may exist on that market and the conditions in which that potential competition may be exercised.
CJEU, Case C-124/21 P International Skating EU, Judgment of  21 December 2023,

The rules on prior approval and of international interclub football competitions, including the rules governing the participation of clubs and players and the imposition of sanctions, are by their very nature sufficiently harmful to competition and have the object of preventing such competition, where there is no framework for those rules providing for substantive criteria and detailed procedural rules suitable for ensuring that they are transparent, objective, non-discriminatory and proportionate.
CJEU, Case C-333/21, European Superleague Company SL v  FIFA and others, Judgment of 21 December 2023,

While the rules on prior authorization, participation and sanctions may appear legitimate in principle, by contributing to guaranteeing observance of the principles, values and rules of the game underpinning professional football, in particular the open, meritocratic nature of the competitions concerned, and ensuring a certain form of ‘solidarity redistribution’ within football, the existence of such objectives, however laudable they may be, do not release the associations that have adopted those rules from their obligation to establish, before the national court, that the pursuit of those objectives translates into genuine, quantifiable efficiency gains and that these offset the resulting disadvantages in terms of competition.
CJEU, Case C-333/21, European Superleague Company SL v  FIFA and others, Judgment of 21 December 2023,

Abuse of dominant position
The adoption and implementation of rules by associations which are responsible for football at world and European levels and which pursue in parallel various economic activities related to the organization of competitions, making subject to their prior approval the setting up, on European Union territory, of a new interclub football competition by a third-party undertaking, and controlling the participation of professional football clubs and players in such a competition, on pain of sanctions, where there is no framework for those various powers providing for substantive criteria and detailed procedural rules suitable for ensuring that they are transparent, objective, non-discriminatory and proportionate, constitutes abuse of a dominant position.
CJEU, Case C-333/21, European Superleague Company SL v  FIFA and others, Judgment of 21 December 2023,

Selective distribution
A general and absolute ban on online sales is not proportionate to the objective of guaranteeing a purchasing environment capable of preserving the aura and prestige of the brand where the network leader has implemented tools and standards for the presentation of its retailers’ websites comparable to those imposed by other brands, which do not prohibit online sales by their distributors.
ADLC, 19 December 2023, No 23-D-13, Rolex